A Study on the Gig Economy and its Impact on Employment Patterns and Worker Well-Being with Special Reference to Gig Workers in Coimbatore District
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Vineetha. V, Ms. Elavarasi. R
Keyword-Gig Economy, Gig Workers, Platform Economy, Worker Well-being, Employment Patterns, Social Security, Coimbatore.
Abstract-Department of Commerce, Rathinam College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore Abstract. The gig economy, characterised by short-term, flexible, platform-mediated work arrangements, has emerged as one of the most transformative forces reshaping labour markets in India and globally. Platforms such as Swiggy, Zomato, Ola, Uber, Urban Company, Dunzo, and Porter have created millions of gig work opportunities for delivery personnel, ride-share drivers, home service professionals, and freelance workers across Indian cities. Coimbatore, with its rapidly growing food delivery, logistics, and service sector ecosystem, has experienced significant growth in its gig worker population. This study examines the impact of gig economy participation on employment patterns and worker well-being among gig workers in Coimbatore district, analysing dimensions of income stability, work flexibility, social security access, occupational health, job satisfaction, and future employment aspirations. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 120 active gig workers across major platforms operating in Coimbatore. Secondary data were gathered from NITI Aayog reports, ILO publications, academic journals, and industry reports. Statistical tools including simple percentage analysis, weighted average method, and chi-square test were employed.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353120]
The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Buying Behaviour: Evidence From Coimbatore District
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. V. Priyanka, Mr. Donald Joby
Keyword-social media marketing, consumer buying behaviour, digital marketing, purchase intention, online reviews.
Abstract-The rapid development of digital technology has transformed the marketing environment, with social media platforms becoming an important channel for communication between businesses and consumers. Social media marketing enables organizations to promote products, share information, and engage with customers in a more interactive manner compared to traditional marketing methods. This study examines the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behaviour in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The objectives of the study are to analyze the level of social media usage among consumers, identify key social media marketing factors influencing purchase decisions, and examine the relationship between social media marketing activities and consumer buying behaviour. Primary data were collected from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study employed descriptive statistics, percentage analysis, mean score analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to examine the relationship between social media marketing variables and consumer purchase behaviour. The findings reveal that social media marketing significantly influences consumer buying decisions. Among the various factors examined, online customer reviews were found to have the strongest influence on consumer purchase intention, followed by influencer marketing and promotional offers. The regression results indicate that social media marketing variables explain a considerable portion of the variation in consumer buying behaviour. The study highlights the growing importance of social media platforms as effective marketing tools for businesses. The findings suggest that organizations should focus on creating engaging digital content, encouraging customer reviews, and collaborating with social media influencers to enhance consumer engagement and purchasing decisions.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353221]
A Study on Consumer Behavior Changes in Digital Markets with Special Reference to Coimbatore City
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Revathi G, Mr. Manu James
Keyword-Digital Marketing, Consumer Behaviour, Online Shopping, E-Commerce, Digital Payment Systems.
Abstract-Digitalization has fundamentally transformed the modern business environment and significantly influenced consumer buying behaviour. The rapid expansion of e-commerce, social media marketing, digital payment systems, and mobile applications has reshaped how consumers search, evaluate, and purchase products. This study analyzes shifts in consumer behavior within digital markets, with special reference to Coimbatore city. The research investigates the impact of online shopping platforms, digital advertisements, social media influencers, customer reviews, and digital payment systems on purchasing decisions. Employing a descriptive research methodology with both primary and secondary data collected from 120 respondents, the findings reveal that convenience, price comparison, product availability, online reviews, and fast delivery services are the dominant factors driving consumers toward digital markets.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353455]
The Dynamics of Knowledge, Action and Liberation: A Study of Jñāna Karma Samuccaya in Śaṅkara’s Taittirīyopaniṣad Commentary
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Mithuna R, Mr. Akash
Keyword-Consumer Satisfaction, Walkaroo Footwear, Footwear Industry, Coimbatore, Brand Perception, Product Quality, Purchase Behaviour.
Abstract-The footwear industry in India has undergone a remarkable transformation in the past two dec-ades, evolving from a largely unorganised sector to a competitive, brand-driven market. Among the significant players in the affordable footwear segment, Walkaroo International Pvt. Ltd. has carved a distinct niche, particularly in South India. This article presents a detailed study of con-sumer satisfaction towards Walkaroo footwear products in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu a city that holds special cultural and commercial significance as a major footwear consumption hub. The study investigates key dimensions of consumer satisfaction, including product quality, design and aesthetics, comfort and fit, pricing, durability, brand perception, after-sales service, and distribution availability. Data was gathered through structured questionnaires administered to 150 respondents across various demographic groups in Coimbatore. The findings reveal high levels of satisfaction on dimensions of affordability and comfort, while suggesting scope for improvement in premium design variety and after-sales support. The article concludes with strategic recommendations for Walkaroo to strengthen its consumer relationship and market position.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353807]
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Customer Service Marketing in Online Retail Platforms: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms Mithuna R, Ms Sowmiya S
Keyword-Artificial Intelligence; Customer Service Marketing; E-Commerce; Consumer Satis-faction; Personalisation; Online Retail
Abstract-Rapid advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-commerce has revolutionized customer service marketing strategies around the world. Although significant advancements have been made in recent years, there is limited empirical documentation about consumer aware-ness, perception, and behavior towards AI-enabled retailing services, especially in developing countries like India. This paper seeks to examine the influence of AI technology in customer service marketing strategies in some of the leading e-commerce websites in India such as Ama-zon, Flipkart, Myntra, and Ajio.The adoption of a descriptive research approach and non-probability convenience sampling technique saw the collection of primary data from 109 online retailers. The data was analysed using Percentage Analysis, Mean Score Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Test, Chi-Square Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis in IBM SPSS. Some of the key findings include the fact that AI awareness among the respondents was moderate (mean score of 2.83-3.06), while AI-based personalization stood out as the best predictor of consumer satisfaction with mean value of 0.648 and P-value of 0.001, accounting for 69.4% of variance (R² = 0.694). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the enhanced shopping experience offered by AI and consumer satisfaction (r=0.534, p<0.001).
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353514]
A Study on Challenges Faced by Street Vendors in Chennai
Authors-Assistant Professor Dr.Kowsalya G, Mr.Vipin S
Keyword-Economic Sustainability, Small-Scale Entrepreneurship, Urban Livelihood, Informal Economy, Self-Employment, Street Vending.
Abstract-Street vending is an important source of livelihood for economically weaker people in Chennai and contributes significantly to the city’s informal economy. Street vendors provide affordable goods and services but face challenges such as eviction, harassment, poor infrastructure, lack of legal recognition, financial problems, and competition from organized retail.The study analyzes the socio-economic conditions and problems faced by street vendors in Chennai using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data were collected from 100 vendors through surveys and interviews. The study also examines government support measures like the PM SVANidhi Scheme. The findings reveal that vendors continue to face insecurity due to weak policy implementation, limited access to licenses, and lack of social security. Women and migrant vendors experience additional difficulties. The study concludes that effective government support, better infrastructure, financial assistance, and proper vending zones are essential.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353687]
The Rise of Smart Contracts in Trade Finance: Automating Processes and Reducing Dependency on Intermediaries
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Mithuna R, Mr. Mano
Keyword-Smart Contracts, Trade Finance, Blockchain, Disintermediation, Automation, Digital Finance, Supply Chain Finance.
Abstract-The global trade finance ecosystem, long characterised by manual documentation, multi-layered intermediation, and protracted settlement cycles, is undergoing a profound struc-tural transformation through the adoption of blockchain-based smart contracts. This article exam-ines two principal objectives: (1) the extent to which smart contracts automate traditional trade finance processes, and (2) the degree to which they reduce systemic dependency on financial and documentary intermediaries. Drawing upon peer-reviewed scholarship, institutional reports, and empirical findings published between 2022 and 2025, the study undertakes a critical analysis of the operational, economic, legal, and societal dimensions of this technological shift. Findings indicate that while smart contracts demonstrably compress settlement cycles, reduce transaction costs, and enhance transparency, significant challenges persist concerning legal enforceability, regulatory fragmentation, and cybersecurity vulnerability.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353320]
Analyzing the Impact of Balance of Payments on Indian Economic Stability: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Mithuna R, Mr. Gopi Vignesh
Keyword-Balance of Payments, Economic Stability, Structural Equation Modeling, Current Account Deficit, India, SPSS AMOS, Foreign Exchange Reserve
Abstract-This study examines the structural relationship between India's Balance of Payments (BoP) components and macroeconomic stability over the period 2005–2023 using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SPSS AMOS 26.0. Drawing on secondary data from the Re-serve Bank of India (RBI), World Bank Development Indicators (WDI), and IMF Balance of Payments Statistics, the research constructs two latent constructs BoP Position (ξ₁) and Econom-ic Stability (η) each measured by multiple reflective indicators. Results reveal a significant struc-tural path coefficient (β = 0.61, p < 0.001) from BoP Position to Economic Stability, indicating that improved BoP fundamentals substantially strengthen macroeconomic outcomes. The model achieves acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.048, SRMR = 0.052). Foreign ex-change reserves (λ = 0.88) and the current account deficit-to-GDP ratio (λ = 0.82) emerge as the most influential indicators of BoP Position, while GDP growth and inflation are the dominant reflectors of Economic Stability. The study identifies a persistent structural gap in India's mer-chandise trade, partially compensated by services exports and remittances. Findings carry im-portant policy implications for fiscal consolidation, export diversification, and the management of capital account flows.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353262]
A Study on Social Media Usage and its Impact on Adolescent Mental Health with Special Reference to Coimbatore District
Authors-Assistant Professor Ms. Vineetha. V, Mr. Aravindhan. A
Keyword-Social Media, Adolescent Mental Health, Anxiety, Depression, Cyberbullying, Digital Well-being, Coimbatore.
Abstract-Social media has become an inseparable part of the daily lives of adolescents across the world, fundamentally reshaping the way young people communicate, form identities, seek information, and engage with their social environment. While social media platforms offer significant opportunities for connection, creativity, and learning, growing evidence from psychological and public health research points to a complex and often concerning relationship between excessive social media use and adolescent mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, cyberbullying victimisation, and disrupted sleep patterns. This study investigates the nature, extent, and impact of social media usage on the mental health of adolescents in Coimbatore district, with a focus on school and college students in the 13-21 age group. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 120 adolescent respondents across educational institutions in Coimbatore. Secondary data were gathered from WHO reports.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353563]
Building Brand Equity: Integrated Strategies for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors-Assistant Professor Dr.B. Geethpriya, Mr. Y. Julian
Keyword-Brand equity, branding strategy, competitive advantage, consumer-based brand equity, digital branding, brand identity.
Abstract-Brand equity has emerged as one of the most critical assets an organization can culti-vate in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. This article examines the theoretical foundations of brand equity and explores integrated branding strategies that enable firms to build, sustain, and leverage competitive advantage. Drawing on Keller's Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model, Aaker's brand equity framework, and contemporary research on digital branding and co-creation, this study argues that effective branding requires a coherent alignment of brand identity, consumer perception, and organizational culture. The article further investi-gates the role of social media, experiential marketing, and brand storytelling in shaping modern brand equity. The findings suggest that organizations that adopt a holistic, consumer-centric approach to branding consistently outperform competitors in both financial performance and customer loyalty metrics. Practical implications for brand managers and strategic recommenda-tion.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353669]
A Study on Consumer Preferences Towards Zudio: an Analysis of Buying Behavior and Brand Perception with Special Reference to Zudio at Cross Cut Road Branch, Coimbatore City
Authors-Assistant Professor Dr. G. Arut Geevitha, Mr. Jithin .J
Keyword-Zudio, Consumer Preferences, Buying Behaviour, Brand Perception, Value Fashion, Fast Fashion, Coimbatore.
Abstract-The Indian fashion retail industry has witnessed the rapid ascent of value fashion formats that deliver trend-driven, affordable clothing to the aspirational middle class. Zudio, a value fashion brand launched by Tata Group's Trent Limited, has emerged as one of the most successful fast-fashion retailers in India, offering stylish apparel, footwear, and accessories at highly accessible price points. This study investigates consumer preferences towards Zudio, analysing the buying behaviour and brand perception of shoppers at the Zudio Cross Cut Road Branch in Coimbatore City. The study employs a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from 120 respondents who have shopped at the Cross Cut Road branch. Key dimensions examined include store ambience, product quality, pricing perception, variety and design appeal, staff behaviour, and overall brand perception.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20353643]
Influence of Information and Communication Technological (Ict) Tools in the Teaching and Learning of Flowcharts in Mathematics in Secondary Schools
Authors-Silungwe Webster, Dr Phiri John
Keyword-Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mathematics Education, Flowchart Concepts, ICT-Enhanced Learning, Secondary School Education, Student Understanding, Flowchart Interpretation.
Abstract-Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is beginning to be seen as one of the major instructional element especially in mathematics. This study investigated, the effect of ICT tools on students’ understanding of flowchart concepts in Mathematics, the impact of ICT-supported instruction on students’ ability to create and interpret flowcharts in Mathematics and determine teachers’ perceptions of using ICT tools for teaching flowchart concepts in Mathematics. This study was conducted in Petauke district in Eastern province, Zambia. The targeted population comprised of 10 Randomly selected Secondary schools in the district, 50 mathematics teachers and 150 pupils formed the study sample. The study employed questionnaires as analysis guide in data collection. The questionnaire was analysed using chi-square (X2) statistical technique from spss version 25. The frequency count of each item in the questionnaire was tallied and raw score computed into simple percentages. Also, chi-square (X2) statistical technique was employed to analyse the research hypothesis. The results of this investigation established that ICT tools play a significant and positive role in the teaching and learning of flowchart concepts in secondary school Mathematics. Students exposed to ICT-enhanced instruction demonstrated better understanding, improved ability to create and interpret flowcharts, and higher engagement levels than those taught through conventional methods. Teachers also expressed positive attitudes toward ICT integration, although infrastructural challenges remain. Overall, the findings indicate that effective and well-supported use of ICT tools can substantially improve both teaching practices and student learning outcomes in flowchart-related Mathematics concepts. Integrating ICT in Mathematics education is therefore not only beneficial but essential for modern, skill-oriented learning. This study then recommends that more time should be allocated to the teaching of mathematics on the time-table in our secondary schools so that there will be enough time for the use of ICT tools. Also, mathematics teachers should not be too overwhelmed with too many assignments so that they will have time to plan ICT enhanced classes. Since ICT Tools depends on power supply, the entire power supply needs to be improved upon throughout the country. Also, school authority should improvise for alternative source of power supply such as generator set in case of power failure.
Doi-[http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20514864]
Investigating The Influence of School Environ-ment on Biology Performance: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Nyimba District
Authors-Masiye Nkhoma, Dr Phiri John
Keyword-Biology performance, school environment, physical infrastructure, social climate, student engagement, educator perspectives, Nyimba District, secondary education, educational reform.
Abstract-This study investigated the influence of the school environment on biology performance among secondary school students in Nyimba District, Zambia. Grounded in the recognition that both physical infrastructure and social climate play pivotal roles in shaping academic outcomes, the research sought to examine how variations in school settings affect student engagement and achievement in biology. The inquiry was motivated by persistent concerns regarding under-resourced educational facilities and suboptimal interpersonal dynamics within schools, which have been linked to declining performance in science subjects. By focusing on biology—a subject that demands both theoretical understanding and practical application—the study aimed to generate contextually relevant insights that could inform targeted educational interventions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from student performance records with qualitative insights gathered through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews with teachers and school administrators. The sample included a cross-section of public and government-aided secondary schools within Nyimba District. Data collection instruments were designed to assess perceptions of physical infrastructure, social climate, and motivational influences on learning. Although the study was still in its proposal phase, it was anticipated that find-ings would reveal a significant correlation between the quality of the school environment and biology performance. Educator perspectives were expected to underscore the nuanced ways in which environmental factors shape teaching practices and student outcomes. The significance of this research lies in its potential to guide evidence-based reforms in educa-tional policy and resource allocation. By systematically documenting the environmental determinants of biology performance, the study aimed to contribute to a more holistic un-derstanding of academic achievement in under-resourced contexts. The anticipated recom-mendations would serve as a roadmap for improving both physical conditions and socio-emotional climates in secondary schools, ultimately fostering a more engaging and produc-tive learning environment. These insights could be transferrable to similar educational set-tings across Zambia and beyond, reinforcing the broader discourse on equitable and effec-tive science education.
Doi-[http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20515028]
Investigating The Impact of Climate Change on Education in Primary Schools: A Case of Nyim-ba District
Authors-Justin Siwerd Banda, Dr. John Phiri
Keyword-Climate Change, Primary Education, Educational Sustainability, Rural Education, School Attendance, Learning Outcomes, Climate Resilience
Abstract-Climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant threat to sustainable develop-ment, with profound implications for the education sector, particularly in rural and under-resourced regions. This research investigates the impact of climate change on primary education in Nyimba District, Eastern Province, Zambia. The study is premised on the understanding that changing weather patterns, including prolonged droughts, flash floods, and extreme heat, have direct and indirect consequences on school attendance, infrastruc-ture, learning outcomes, and teacher performance. Rural communities such as Nyimba, which heavily depend on rain-fed agriculture, are especially vulnerable as climate variabil-ity undermines household livelihoods, increases food insecurity, and reduces children's ability to attend and perform well in school (UNESCO, 2020; Chikodzi, 2016). Moreover, damage to school buildings, inaccessible roads, and water scarcity caused by erratic rain-fall patterns present structural barriers to the delivery of quality education (UNICEF, 2021). These challenges are further compounded by the lack of climate-resilient infrastructure and limited policy implementation at the local level (Mutale & Ntalasha, 2019). Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions with teachers, pupils, and community members, alongside quantitative analysis of attendance records and climate data. The study adopts the vulnerability and resilience framework, which provides insights into how educational systems adapt—or fail to adapt—to environmental stressors. Preliminary findings reveal that food insecurity due to droughts has led to increased pupil absenteeism, while flooding during the rainy season disrupts learning by destroying classrooms and washing away access roads. Additionally, teachers report difficulties in curriculum delivery due to shortened school terms and psy-chological stress among learners (Mphalo, 2022; Banda & Phiri, 2021).
Doi-[http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20515332]
An Investigation on the Access to Quality Educa-tion in Rural Zambia: A Case of Mambwe District, Eastern Province
Authors-Mvula Noah, Dr Phiri John
Keyword-Quality Education, Rural Zambia, Educational Access, Teacher Qualification, Learning Resources, Socio-Economic Factors, Mambwe District
Abstract-This study investigated the challenges and opportunities associated with access to quality education in rural Zambia, focusing on selected schools in Mambwe District, Eastern Prov-ince. Despite the Government of Zambia’s commitment to improving education, rural communities continued to experience persistent disparities in educational access and quali-ty. These disparities were attributed to inadequate infrastructure, limited teaching and learning resources, teacher shortages, and socio-economic and cultural barriers. The re-search was therefore designed to examine how such factors affected the delivery of quality education in rural schools and to propose practical strategies for addressing these challeng-es. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to students, teachers, and parents, as well as through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observa-tions. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis to identify recur-ring patterns and insights. The study was expected to reveal that inadequate infrastructure, limited access to learning materials, and insufficient teacher motivation significantly hin-dered effective teaching and learning in rural areas. Furthermore, socio-economic and cultural factors were anticipated to contribute to disparities in school attendance and aca-demic performance. The study was significant because it aimed to inform policy formula-tion and educational practice by identifying areas requiring urgent attention in rural educa-tion. Its findings would help policymakers, educators, and development partners to design targeted interventions that enhance resource allocation, teacher support, and community involvement. Ultimately, the research would contribute to the ongoing discourse on equi-table and inclusive education in Zambia, offering evidence-based recommendations to improve educational outcomes in rural communities.
Doi-[http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20515517]
Challenges Confronting Small-Scale Businesses in Petauke District
Authors-Ng’uni Stanley, Mr. Mac'holder Mazumbo
Keyword-Small-scale businesses, Petauke District, financial constraints, infrastructure challenges, institutional barriers, entrepreneurship development
Abstract-Small-scale businesses constitute the backbone of Zambia's economy, representing approx-imately 97% of all enterprises, contributing an estimated 70% to the Gross Domestic Prod-uct, and providing employment to roughly 88% of the national workforce. Despite this significant economic contribution, these enterprises face multifaceted challenges that im-pede their growth, sustainability, and developmental potential. This study investigates the challenges confronting small-scale businesses in Petauke District, Eastern Province, Zam-bia, a predominantly agrarian region where small enterprises serve as critical livelihood mechanisms for the local population. Employing a mixed-methods research design that integrates quantitative survey methodologies with qualitative interview and focus group approaches, the study examines three primary challenge dimensions: financial and capital-related constraints, infrastructural and market-related obstacles, and managerial, regulatory, and institutional impediments. The research is grounded in three complementary theoreti-cal frameworks—the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Resource-Based View—to provide a comprehensive analytical lens for understanding the interplay between internal organizational capacities and external environmental conditions. Findings reveal that small-scale businesses in Petauke District confront severe financial constraints characterized by limited access to formal credit, prohibitive collateral require-ments, and exorbitant interest rates that restrict operational expansion. Infrastructural defi-ciencies, including unreliable electricity supply, inadequate road networks, and limited access to potable water, substantially elevate operational costs and constrain productivity. Furthermore, regulatory complexities, insufficient managerial competencies, and weak institutional support mechanisms perpetuate informality and restrict growth trajectories. The study contributes to the scholarly discourse on small business development in rural African contexts and provides evidence-based recommendations for policy interventions, institutional strengthening, and entrepreneurial capacity development tailored to the specif-ic socio-economic realities of Petauke District.
Doi-[http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20515646]
The Impact of Managing Early Pregnancies in Selected Public Day Secondary Schools in Chilubi Districtof Northern Province of Zambia
Authors-Kapoko Patricia Mulenga
Keyword-Early pregnancy, secondary education, Chilubi District, re-entry policy, school dropout, repro-ductive health.
Abstract-This study investigates the impact of managing early pregnancies in secondary schools of Chilubi District, with a focus on three selected institutions. Early pregnancy remains a significant barrier to girls’ education in many parts of Zambia, particularly in rural areas where cultural practices, poverty, and lack of access to sexual reproductive health educa-tion are prevalent. The research explores how schools are addressing this issue through policy implementation, support programs, and community engagement. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from school records and surveys with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions involving students, teachers, parents, and community leaders. The findings reveal a high prevalence of teen-age pregnancies in the selected schools, resulting in increased dropout rates, emotional distress, and limited future opportunities for affected learners. However, the study also highlights the role of re-entry policies, counseling services, and parental support in miti-gating these negative outcomes. The target population for this study will cover 300 partic-ipants who are directly or indirectly involved in the management and experience of early pregnancies within secondary schools in Chilubi District. The sample size of this study will involve a total number of 60 participants, drawn from the three purposively selected secondary schools in Chilubi District The sample will be distributed as follows; 30 fe-male students 10 from each school, 9 Guidance and Counselling Teachers, three from each school, 3 Head teachers and 3 Deputy Head Teachersfrom the selected schools and 9 Parents of Guardians 3 from each school and 6 Health workers 2 per school locality. Despite some success stories, the management of early pregnancies remains fraught with challenges, including stigma, inadequate resources, and inconsistent policy enforcement. The study recommends stronger policy implementation, enhanced community sensitiza-tion, and increased investment in reproductive health education. Overall, the research contributes valuable insights into how early pregnancy is being addressed in rural educa-tional settings and suggests pathways for improving educational retention and success among adolescent girls.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538438]
Factors Leading to Migration of Primary School Teachers to Secondary Schools in Selected Government Primary Schools in Mpulungu Dis-trict of Northern Province of Zambia.
Authors-Kasale Christopher
Keyword-Teacher migration; primary education; secondary schools; teacher retention; working conditions; Mpulungu District; Zambia; education policy
Abstract-The migration of primary school teachers to secondary schools has become a growing concern in Zambia’s education system, particularly in rural districts such as Mpulungu in the Northern Prov-ince. This study investigates the factors contributing to this trend and its implications for primary education. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed, involving teachers, head teachers, and education officers. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis, and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that teacher migration is largely influenced by economic factors such as higher salaries and allowances in secondary schools, professional factors including career advancement opportunities, and institutional factors such as improved working conditions and access to teaching resources. Additionally, workload dispari-ties and perceived social prestige associated with secondary school teaching contribute signifi-cantly to migration decisions. The study concludes that the continued movement of teachers poses a serious threat to the quality of primary education. It recommends policy reforms aimed at im-proving working conditions, enhancing incentives, and providing career progression opportuni-ties within primary education.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538521]
The Role of the School Management Team (Smt) in Enhancing Academic Performance: A Study of Five Selected Secondary Schools in Mbala District, Northern Province of Zambia
Authors-Luundu Sylvia Miyandaac
Keyword-School Management Team, Academic Performance, Leadership, Secondary Education, Zambia
Abstract-This study examines the role of the School Management Team (SMT) in enhancing academic performance in selected secondary schools in Mbala District of Northern Province, Zambia. The SMT plays a critical role in planning, supervising, and implementing school policies that influ-ence teaching and learning outcomes. A mixed-methods research design was employed involving 120 respondents, including school administrators, teachers, and pupils. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that effective SMT practices—such as instructional super-vision, teacher motivation, resource management, and policy implementation—significantly con-tribute to improved academic performance. However, challenges such as inadequate resources, limited training, and administrative workload hinder optimal SMT performance. The study con-cludes that strengthening SMT capacity is essential for improving academic outcomes and rec-ommends continuous professional development, increased funding, and policy support.
Doi-[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539033]